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WHAT IS A NETWORK OR IP ADDRESS?

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Network Address - it is more commonly known as IP address. -it is the numeric address of a computer connected to the network. It can be compared to the physical address that we use for our homes which uniquely identifies it from the rest of the homes in our neighbourhood, town, city, province, country and the whole wide world. is a set of numbers, called as “octets” or “dotted decimal” notation , that identifies any network device. Example: 172.16.254.1 IP Versions 1. IPv4 – IP version 4: is the standard version 2. IPv6 – IP version 6: is the advanced version Binary Digits 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Classes of IP Address Class A - 1 to 126 Class B - 128 to 191 Class C - 192 to 223 Class D - 224 to 239 Class E - 240 to 255 Note: 127 - Loop back function of a network. Class D - is for multicast. Class E - reserved for future or experimental purposes. Typical home networks use IP addresses that start with 192.168. IP address such a
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIGHT-THROUGH AND CROSSOVER CABLE?

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STRAIGHT-THROUGH VS. CROSSOVER Straight-Through      A straight through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local area networks to connect a computer to a network hub such as a router. This type of cable is also sometimes called a patch cable and is an alternative to wireless connections where one or more computers access a router through a wireless signal. On a straight through cable, the wired pins match. Straight through cable use one wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use T568B wiring standard. The following figure shows a straight through cable of which both ends are wired as the T568B standard. CROSSOVER      A crossover Ethernet cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together directly. Unlike straight through cable, the RJ45 crossover cable uses two different wiring standards: one end uses the T568A wiring standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard. The internal wi
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WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CABLE?

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Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable are the three main types of network cables used in communication systems. Each of them is different and suitable for various applications. Understanding the differences between the three will shed light on how data travels through each cable, which ultimately affects your connection and things like speed, latency, security, cost, etc. Here is a general breakdown of the three different types of cable systems and what they are capable of: TYPES OF CABLE 1. Twisted Pair Cable - Twisted pair cables are quite literally a pair of insulated wires that are twisted together to help reduce noise from outside sources. While this does help some, these cables are still very susceptible to outside noise. Twisted pair cables are the most cost-effective option of the three but that also brings about lower bandwidth and high attenuation.  2 types of Twisted Pair Cable Shielded Twisted Pair - Shielded twisted p
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT NETWORKING DEVICES?

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Network Devices       These are the devices that connect the end devices together to allow then to communicate. They can be in the form of switches, hubs, or concentrators, etc. The Hub       A hub is a simple device that directs data packets to all devices connected to it. Basically, a hub does nothing except provide a pathway for the electrical signals and regenerate signal before it forwards it to all connected devices.      In a hub, a message is passed along or "broadcast" to every one of its ports. It does not matter that the message is only destined for one port. The hub has no way of distinguishing which port a message should be sent to. Passing it along to every port ensures that it will reach its intended destination. This places a lot of traffic on the network and can lead to poor network response times. The Switch       Similar to hubs, switches are the connectivity point of a wired network. Devices are connected via twis
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WHAT IS A NETWORK TOPOLOGY?

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Network Topology - refers to the layout or structure of the network in relation with the flow of data. It is the way in which the elements such as computers, printers, servers, and other computing appliances are arranged in a network. In this instance, you take note not only of the device's location, but also how it is connected to the network, the type of cables in use, and its layout. On the other hand,   Logical Topology   - depicts how information flows from one device to another within the network regardless of its physical design. Distances between nodes, physical interconnections, transmission rates, and/or signal types may differ between two networks, yet their topologies may be identical. Types of Network Topologies 1.) Linear Bus Topology - is a type of network topology in which each device is connected one after the other in a sequential chain (shown right). In this case, the bus is the network connection between the devices, and if
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